Deliberate Acts of Teaching or DATs are instructional strategies that aid teachers as tools for effective practice. There are seven DATs which are broken into modelling, prompting, questioning, giving feedback, telling, explaining, and directing.
Modelling encompasses showing the learners how to carry out a task and thinking aloud to make it "visual". This portrays what the final product is and the process in getting to that. Often a combination of modelling and other instructional strategies are effective as they can be used in conjunction with one another. I could use modelling in most of my teaching alongside other strategies in order to demonstrate the process and portray the expected outcome.
Prompting is all about encouraging learners to use their prior knowledge to make connections and build one's confidence in their abilities. A prompt is often directed as a question and allows "wait time" to develop their ideas and express them.
Questioning is a large part of teaching as it is crucial to literacy and numeracy. Questions can be direct or allow for more thought and personal perspective. They help develop learners' comprehension and understanding of the task at hand. By using questioning around student reflection I will be able to understand the areas each student needs improvement on.
Giving feedback is most effective when it relates to specific learning goals. The purpose for giving feedback is to affirm, inform and guide future learning. Giving feedback helps the learner to reflect on the work they have provided with prompts. Giving feedback is used every day in the classroom and is often done autonomously.
Telling is defined as giving the learner the knowledge to fill a gap in order to move on with their learning. It is giving them an unknown word or topic. This helps when it comes to specific language and topics. Giving students text specific language or topics to write about is one of the most effective ways to engage learners with little to no background knowledge of the task.
Explaining is an extension of telling. It is going into specific detail regarding topics or tasks. This builds confidence in the learners when completing the task at hand. Explanations are very verbally explicit. Explanations help learners develop their own understanding. Explaining is a large part of teaching as it is used every day in the classroom.
The last strategy is directing. Simply put, this is giving instructions for learners to follow. It is used deliberately and purposefully to aide learners.